A unidirectional lavalier microphone is worn on the lapel to pick up sound from one direction. Because their pickup pattern looks like a heart, unidirectional microphones are called “cardioid” microphones.
Features of a unidirectional lavalier microphone
Some of the things that most unidirectional lavalier microphones have in common are:
- Unidirectional pickup pattern: As we’ve already said, unidirectional lavalier microphones are made to pick up sound mostly from one direction. This makes them good for isolating the speaker’s voice and cutting down on background noise.
- Small and discreet: Most unidirectional lavalier microphones are small and are meant to be worn on the body. This makes them discreet and easy to hide under clothing.
- Noise-canceling: Many unidirectional lavalier microphones are made with noise-canceling technology to reduce background noise and make speech clearer.
- Durability: Like other types of lavalier microphones, unidirectional ones are often made to withstand the wear and tear of daily use and are resistant to moisture and other environmental factors.
- Compatibility with wireless systems: Some unidirectional lavalier microphones are made to be used with wireless transmitters. This gives you more freedom of movement on stage or in front of the camera.
Different type of unidirectional lavalier microphones
- Dynamic unidirectional lavalier microphones: A moving coil and magnet turn sound waves into an electrical signal in these microphones. They are durable and can handle moisture and noise from being handled. This makes them a good choice for live performances and interviews that will be shown on camera.
- Condenser unidirectional lavalier microphones: Condenser unidirectional lavalier microphones have a thin metal membrane (called a diaphragm) that vibrates when it comes in contact with sound waves. Most of the time, they are more sensitive and have a faster transient response than dynamic microphones. This makes them good for picking up subtle changes in the way people speak.
- Electret unidirectional lavalier microphones: An electret is a material that is always charged and sends out an electrical signal. They are usually less expensive and more sensitive than dynamic lavalier microphones, but they may need a power source (like a battery) to work.
- Phantom-powered unidirectional lavalier microphones: These mics need a power source (like a mixing console) to work, but they are better than electret mics in terms of performance and sensitivity.
- Clip-on unidirectional lavalier microphones: These mics are made to be worn on the body and are usually small, so they don’t get in the way and are easy to hide. A clip or lapel pin can be used to attach them to clothing.
- Headset unidirectional lavalier microphones: These are worn on the head and are often used in theater and public speaking. Compared to clip-on lavalier mics, they are more stable and comfortable.
What is the primary advantage of using a unidirectional lavalier microphone with a cardioid pickup pattern?
Unidirectional lavalier microphones with a cardioid pickup pattern excel at isolating the speaker’s voice and reducing background noise, making them ideal for clear speech capture.
Are unidirectional lavalier microphones suitable for live performances and on-camera interviews?
Yes, dynamic unidirectional lavalier microphones are often preferred for live performances and interviews shown on camera due to their durability and noise-handling capabilities.
What is the difference between dynamic, condenser, electret, and phantom-powered unidirectional lavalier microphones?
Dynamic lavalier microphones use a moving coil and magnet for sound conversion, while condenser microphones have a thin diaphragm for greater sensitivity. Electret lavalier microphones are sensitive and may require a power source, and phantom-powered ones need external power for improved performance.
What are some potential drawbacks of using unidirectional lavalier microphones?
Unidirectional lavalier microphones may limit the user’s movement since they are directly attached. Additionally, their cables can tangle, posing tripping hazards, and they may not effectively reject off-axis noises, affecting audio quality in certain situations.
Why might unidirectional lavalier microphones cost more compared to other microphone types?
Unidirectional lavalier microphones often offer superior noise isolation and durability, which can contribute to their higher cost compared to some other microphone options.
